Sustainability Report 2022
Extracted ESG KPIs
KPIs are organized by ESG aspects.
The types of emissions and respective emissions data.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scope 3 emissions allocation: Capital goods | % | 1 | 41 |
| Scope 3 emissions allocation: Purchased goods and services | % | 86 | 41 |
| Scope 3 emissions allocation: Upstream transportation and distribution | % | 11 | 41 |
Direct (Scope 1) and energy indirect (Scope 2) greenhouse gas emissions (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO₂ equivalent per person (per team member for our offices) | kg | 216 | 41 | ||
| CO₂ equivalent per unit packed at packing sites | kg | 108 | 41 | ||
| CO₂ equivalent per unit produced at manufacturing sites | kg | 8 | 41 | ||
| Emissions (including comprehensive Scope 3 emissions) | t CO₂ equivalent | 15331 | 15231 | 553200 | 41 |
| Scope 1 emissions | t CO₂-e | 2234 | 41 | ||
| Scope 3 emissions | t CO₂-e | 550966 | 41 | ||
| Scope 3 emissions allocation: Business travel | % | 1 | 41 | ||
| Scope 3 emissions allocation: Employee commuting | % | 1 | 41 | ||
| Total CO₂ emissions | t | 553200 | 41 | ||
| emissions per unit produced at manufacturing sites | g CO2 equivalent | 73 | 40 |
Total hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazardous waste (breakdown of waste types per volume) | t | 3 | 45 | ||
| Hazardous waste per FTE (offices) | kg/FTE | 68 | 45 | ||
| Hazardous waste per unit at manufacturing sites | g/unit | 0.029 | 45 | ||
| Total waste | t | 6266 | 45 | ||
| Total waste generated | t | 4590 | 4249 | 6266 | 45 |
Total non-hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Landfill (breakdown of waste types per volume) | t | 1910 | 45 | |
| Non hazardous waste per FTE (offices) | kg/FTE | 594 | 45 | |
| Non hazardous waste per unit at manufacturing sites | g/unit | 66.74 | 45 | |
| Recycling (breakdown of waste types per volume) | t | 69.5% | 45 | |
| Waste per team member for offices | kg/person | 595 | 45 | |
| Waste per unit packed at packing sites | g/unit | 25 | 45 | |
| Waste per unit produced at manufacturing sites | g/unit | 679 | 45 | |
| waste per unit produced at manufacturing sites | g | 19 | 40 |
Description of emissions target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suppliers with emissions (GHG and non-GHG) targets | percent | 15% | 86 |
Description of how hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are handled, and a description of reduction target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suppliers with waste minimisation/recycling targets (including hazardous waste minimisation) | percent | 27% | 86 |
Direct and/or indirect energy consumption by type (e.g. electricity, gas or oil) in total (kWh in '000s) and intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel consumption | MWh | 2492 | 2460 | 2111 | 43 |
| Electricity consumption | MWh | 13283 | 13466 | 13908 | 43 |
| Gasoline consumption | MWh | 377 | 43 | ||
| LPG consumption | MWh | 808 | 43 | ||
| Natural gas consumption | MWh | 3299 | 3304 | 2377 | 43 |
| energy consumption per unit produced at manufacturing sites | kWh | 0.27 | 40 |
Water consumption in total and intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reduce electricity and water consumption per unit produced in owned sites in China | % | 2 | 26 | ||
| Reduction in water consumption per unit at owned manufacturing facilities | percent | 18.9 | 6 | ||
| Total water consumption | kL | 56905 | 44 | ||
| Water consumption | kL | 49655 | 58881 | 44 | |
| Water consumption per team member for offices | kL per person | 1.7 | 44 | ||
| Water consumption per unit packed at packing sites | mL per unit | 43.11 | 44 | ||
| Water consumption per unit produced at manufacturing sites | mL per unit | 757 | 44 | ||
| water consumption per unit produced at manufacturing sites | mL | 933 | 40 |
Description of energy use efficiency target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of renewable electricity | 84% | 100% | 100% | 43 | |
| Reduction in electricity consumption per unit produced at manufacturing sites | % | -13.23 | 43 | ||
| Reduction in electricity consumption per unit produced at manufacturing sites (mainland China only) | % | -15.13 | 43 | ||
| Suppliers with energy efficiency targets | percent | 16% | 86 | ||
| Suppliers with renewable energy targets | percent | 10% | 86 |
Description of whether there is any issue in sourcing water that is fit for purpose, water efficiency target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated annual water saved by improved water system at Guangzhou factory | t per year | 5566 | 44 |
| Suppliers with water use targets | percent | 17% | 86 |
Total packaging material used for finished products (in tonnes) and, if applicable, with reference to per unit produced.
| Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packaging material type - glass | percent | 1.1% | 89 | |
| Packaging material type - metal (tin and aluminium) | percent | 33.5% | 89 | |
| Packaging material type - paper and cardboard | percent | 32.6% | 89 | |
| Packaging material type - plastic | percent | 32.8% | 89 | |
| Percentage of packaging materials that are recyclable, biodegradable or compostable (by packaging weight) | percent | 96% | 98% | 89 |
| Total packaging material used | tonnes | 14887 | 89 |
Description of the significant impacts of activities on the environment and natural resources and the actions taken to manage them.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suppliers with biodiversity and soil quality targets | percent | 5% | 86 |
Total workforce by gender, employment type (for example, full- or part-time), age group and geographical region.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | 2023 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual total compensation ratio (ratio of annual total compensation for the Group’s highest-paid individual to the median total compensation for all team members) | 42.1 | 51 | ||
| Annual total compensation ratio (ratio of the percentage increase of the highest-paid individual’s compensation to the percentage increase of all team members) | 7.1 | 51 | ||
| Increase the proportion of female board members | % | 30 | 26 | |
| Number of employees (Asia excluding mainland China) | employees | 73 | 101 | |
| Number of employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 283 | 101 | |
| Number of employees (Europe) | employees | 265 | 101 | |
| Number of employees (Mainland China) | employees | 2621 | 101 | |
| Number of employees (North America) | employees | 130 | 101 | |
| Number of employees (Total) | employees | 3372 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (Asia excluding mainland China) | employees | 73 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 245 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (Europe) | employees | 259 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (Mainland China) | employees | 2621 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (North America) | employees | 130 | 101 | |
| Number of full-time employees (Total) | employees | 3328 | 101 | |
| Number of non-guaranteed hours employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 4 | 101 | |
| Number of non-guaranteed hours employees (Total) | employees | 4 | 101 | |
| Number of part-time employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 38 | 101 | |
| Number of part-time employees (Europe) | employees | 6 | 101 | |
| Number of part-time employees (Total) | employees | 44 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (Asia excluding mainland China) | employees | 72 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 245 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (Europe) | employees | 250 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (Mainland China) | employees | 2621 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (North America) | employees | 128 | 101 | |
| Number of permanent employees (Total) | employees | 3316 | 101 | |
| Number of temporary employees (Asia excluding mainland China) | employees | 1 | 101 | |
| Number of temporary employees (Australia and New Zealand) | employees | 34 | 101 | |
| Number of temporary employees (Europe) | employees | 15 | 101 | |
| Number of temporary employees (North America) | employees | 2 | 101 | |
| Number of temporary employees (Total) | employees | 52 | 101 | |
| Percentage of team members in China covered by collective bargaining agreements | % | 85 | 51 | |
| Workers who are not employees but whose work was controlled by the Group | workers | 428 | 101 |
Employee turnover rate by gender, age group and geographical region.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Return to work rate after parental leave, Female | % | 79.6% | 52 |
| Return to work rate after parental leave, Male | % | 100% | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Asia (excluding mainland China), 30-50 years | % | 33 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Asia (excluding mainland China), <30 years | % | 25 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Australia and New Zealand, 30-50 years | % | 15 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Australia and New Zealand, <30 years | % | 26 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Australia and New Zealand, >50 years | % | 13 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, China, 30-50 years | % | 22 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, China, <30 years | % | 30 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Europe, 30-50 years | % | 47 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Europe, <30 years | % | 48 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Europe, >50 years | % | 27 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Global, 30-50 years | % | 23.2 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Global, <30 years | % | 31.5 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, Global, >50 years | % | 21.3 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, North America, 30-50 years | % | 25 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, North America, <30 years | % | 36 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by age, North America, >50 years | % | 43 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Asia (excluding mainland China), Female | % | 27 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Asia (excluding mainland China), Male | % | 36 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Australia and New Zealand, Female | % | 17 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Australia and New Zealand, Male | % | 17 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, China, Female | % | 21 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, China, Male | % | 28 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Europe, Female | % | 47 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Europe, Male | % | 44 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Global, Female | % | 23.2 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, Global, Male | % | 28.7 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, North America, Female | % | 28 | 52 |
| Turnover rate by gender, North America, Male | % | 33 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, Asia (excluding mainland China) | % | 30 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, Australia and New Zealand | % | 17 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, China | % | 24 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, Europe | % | 46 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, Global | % | 25.2 | 52 |
| Turnover rate overall, North America | % | 30 | 52 |
Number and rate of work-related fatalities occurred in each of the past three years including the reporting year.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of years since last fatality at H&H | years | 5 | 55 |
Description of occupational health and safety measures adopted, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of team members in Europe and mainland China who received training on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) | % | 100 | 55 |
| Total amount spent on health insurance for employees | million USD | 21.5 | 51 |
The percentage of employees trained by gender and employee category (e.g. senior management, middle management).
| Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of executives that undertook training and development | persons | 39 | 57 | |
| Number of females that undertook training and development | persons | 1238 | 57 | |
| Number of males that undertook training and development | persons | 532 | 57 | |
| Number of management that undertook training and development | persons | 445 | 57 | |
| Number of non-management that undertook training and development | persons | 1284 | 57 | |
| Number of team members who undertook training and development | persons | 2514 | 1770 | 57 |
| Number of total workforce that undertook training and development | persons | 1770 | 57 | |
| Overall satisfaction rating from team members in relation to training and development | percent | 88.9% | 86.8% | 57 |
| Percentage of executives that undertook training and development | percent | 95% | 57 | |
| Percentage of females that undertook training and development | percent | 57% | 57 | |
| Percentage of males that undertook training and development | percent | 44% | 57 | |
| Percentage of management that undertook training and development | percent | 86% | 57 | |
| Percentage of non-management that undertook training and development | percent | 45% | 57 | |
| Percentage of total workforce that undertook training and development | percent | 52.4% | 57 |
The average training hours completed per employee by gender and employee category.
| Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average number of hours of training and development - executives | hours | 31.12 | 57 | |
| Average number of hours of training and development - females | hours | 12.47 | 57 | |
| Average number of hours of training and development - males | hours | 7.98 | 57 | |
| Average number of hours of training and development - management | hours | 22.47 | 57 | |
| Average number of hours of training and development - non-management | hours | 8.61 | 57 | |
| Average number of hours of training and development - total workforce | hours | 10.87 | 57 | |
| Total number of hours of training and development undertaken across the Group | hours | 32290 | 36663 | 57 |
Number of suppliers by geographical region.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increase in number of participating suppliers compared to 2021 | percent | 33% | 86 |
Description of practices relating to engaging suppliers, number of suppliers where the practices are being implemented, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Indicator | Unit | 2021-2022 | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70% of Tier 1 suppliers (by spend) will have a social assessment completed | % | 70 | 26 | |
| Suppliers completed sustainability assessment (by purchase value) | percent | 88% | 86 | |
| Suppliers confirmed employees free to join/form trade unions (top 95% suppliers by purchase value) | percent | 97% | 86 | |
| Suppliers signed Supplier Code of Conduct (top 95% suppliers by purchase value) | percent | 100% | 86 | |
| Tier 1 suppliers received at least one ethical or social audit by third party in last two years (by purchase value) | percent | 77% | 86 |
Description of practices used to identify environmental and social risks along the supply chain, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | 2023 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80% volume of raw materials to be assessed for sensitivity (for Governance, Human Rights and Environmental Impact) for the ANC business segment | % | 80 | 26 | |
| 90% of Swiss ingredients (by spend and volume) assessed environmentally and socially | % | 90 | 26 | |
| Suppliers established environmental targets and reduction plans (top 95% suppliers by purchase value) | percent | 83% | 86 |
Description of practices used to promote environmentally preferable products and services when selecting suppliers, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Products in business models using recycled content | percent | 16 | 6 |
| Products in business models using recycled or compostable packaging | percent | 98 | 6 |
| Suppliers with raw material sourcing targets | percent | 10% | 86 |
Resources contributed (e.g. money or time) to the focus area.
| Indicator | Unit | 2022 | 2023 | Report Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H&H Foundation investment increase compared to previous year | percent | 32.17 | 6 | |
| H&H Foundation total investment in communities | million USD | 3.01 | 6 | |
| USD3 million dedicated to community engagement to promote Nutrition, Movement and Mind | million USD | 3 | 26 |
Direct (Scope 1) and energy indirect (Scope 2) greenhouse gas emissions (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct GHG Emissions (Scope 1) | t CO₂-e | 2234 | ||
| Total GHG Emissions | t CO₂ equivalent | 15331 | 15231 | 553200 |
| Total GHG Emissions Intensity (By Employee) | kg | 216 | ||
| Total GHG Emissions Intensity (By Unit Product) | kg | 73 | 108 | |
| Total Other Indirect Energy Emissions (Scope 3) | t CO₂-e | 550966 |
Total hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Total Hazardous Waste | t | 3 |
| Total Hazardous Waste Intensity (By FTE) | kg/FTE | 68 |
| Total Hazardous Waste Intensity (By Unit Product) | g/unit | 0.029 |
Total non-hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Hazardous Waste Landfilling | t | 1910 |
| Non-Hazardous Waste Recycled | t | 4352 |
| Recycling Rate of Non-Hazardous Waste | % | 69.5 |
| Total Non-Hazardous Waste Intensity (By Employee) | kg/person | 595 |
| Total Non-Hazardous Waste Intensity (By FTE) | kg/FTE | 594 |
| Total Non-Hazardous Waste Intensity (By Unit Product) | g/unit | 66.74 |
Direct and/or indirect energy consumption by type (e.g. electricity, gas or oil) in total (kWh in '000s) and intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel Fuel Consumption | MWh | 2492 | 2460 | 2111 |
| Electricity Consumption | MWh | 13283 | 13466 | 13908 |
| Gasoline Consumption | MWh | 377 | ||
| LPG Consumption | MWh | 808 | ||
| Natural Gas Consumption | MWh | 3299 | 3304 | 2377 |
| Total Energy Consumption | MWh | 20937 |
Water consumption in total and intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per facility).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water Consumption | kL | 49655 | 58881 | 56905 |
| Water Consumption in Office | kL per person | 1.7 |
Description of energy use efficiency target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Electricity Usage Reduction Percentage Compared to Last Year | % | -13.23 |
Description of whether there is any issue in sourcing water that is fit for purpose, water efficiency target(s) set and steps taken to achieve them.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Water Consumption Reduction Compared to Last Year | t per year | 5566 |
Total packaging material used for finished products (in tonnes) and, if applicable, with reference to per unit produced.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Packaging Material Consumption (Glass) | percent | 1.1 |
| Packaging Material Consumption (Metal) | percent | 33.5 |
| Packaging Material Consumption (Paper) | percent | 32.6 |
| Packaging Material Consumption (Plastic) | percent | 32.8 |
| Packaging Materials Consumed | tonnes | 14887 |
Total workforce by gender, employment type (for example, full- or part-time), age group and geographical region.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Employees in Asia (Excluding China) | employees | 73 |
| Number of Employees in Australia | employees | 283 |
| Number of Employees in Europe | employees | 265 |
| Number of Employees in Mainland China | employees | 2621 |
| Number of Employees in North America | employees | 130 |
| Number of Female Employees | employees | 2172 |
| Number of Full-time Employees | employees | 3328 |
| Number of Full-time Employees (Female) | employees | 2133 |
| Number of Full-time Employees (Male) | employees | 1195 |
| Number of Male Employees | employees | 1200 |
| Number of Part-time Employees | employees | 44 |
| Number of Part-time Employees (Female) | employees | 39 |
| Number of Part-time Employees (Male) | employees | 5 |
| Number of Temporary Workers | employees | 52 |
| Number of Temporary Workers (Female) | employees | 40 |
| Number of Temporary Workers (Male) | employees | 12 |
| Number of Total Employees | employees | 3372 |
| Percentage of Female Employees | % | 64.4 |
| Percentage of Full-time Employees | % | 98.7 |
| Percentage of Male Employees | % | 35.6 |
| Percentage of Part-time Employees | % | 1.3 |
| Percentage of Temporary Workers | % | 1.54 |
Employee turnover rate by gender, age group and geographical region.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Turnover Rate of Employees Aged 30-50 | % | 23.2 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees Aged Above 50 | % | 21.3 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees Aged Below 30 | % | 31.5 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees in Asia (Excluding China) | % | 30 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees in Australia | % | 17 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees in Europe | % | 46 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees in Mainland China | % | 24 |
| Turnover Rate of Employees in North America | % | 30 |
| Turnover Rate of Female Employees | % | 23.2 |
| Turnover Rate of Male Employees | % | 28.7 |
| Turnover Rate of Total Employees | % | 25.2 |
Description of occupational health and safety measures adopted, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Participation Rate of Safety Training | % | 100 |
The percentage of employees trained by gender and employee category (e.g. senior management, middle management).
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Employees Trained | percent | 52.4 |
| Percentage of Trained Executive Employees | percent | 95 |
| Percentage of Trained Female Employees | percent | 57 |
| Percentage of Trained General Employees | percent | 45 |
| Percentage of Trained Male Employees | percent | 44 |
| Percentage of Trained Senior Management | percent | 86 |
The average training hours completed per employee by gender and employee category.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2021 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average Training Hours (Executive Employees) | hours | 31.12 | |
| Average Training Hours (Female) | hours | 12.47 | |
| Average Training Hours (General Staff) | hours | 8.61 | |
| Average Training Hours (Male) | hours | 7.98 | |
| Average Training Hours (Senior Management) | hours | 22.47 | |
| Average Training Hours per Employee | hours | 10.87 | |
| Total Training Hours | hours | 32290 | 36663 |
Description of practices relating to engaging suppliers, number of suppliers where the practices are being implemented, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2021-2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Critical Suppliers Covered by CSR Audit | percent | 77 |
Description of practices used to promote environmentally preferable products and services when selecting suppliers, and how they are implemented and monitored.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Suppliers Adopting Green Procurement Standards | percent | 10 |
Resources contributed (e.g. money or time) to the focus area.
| Standard Indicator | Unit | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Social Investment | million USD | 3.01 | 3 |